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Renewable energy has emerged as a vital component in the global pursuit of sustainable development. As the world grapples with the challenges of a changing climate and depleting fossil fuel reserves, renewable energy sources have gained significant prominence.
Renewable energy refers to energy derived from naturally replenishing sources that are virtually inexhaustible. Unlike fossil fuels, which deplete over time, renewable energy sources have the ability to regenerate within a reasonable period.
These sources include solar radiation, wind power, hydropower, biomass, and geothermal heat. Harnessing energy from these renewable sources reduces dependence on non-renewable resources, mitigates greenhouse gas emissions, and promotes environmental sustainability.
Solar power involves converting sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) cells or concentrating solar power (CSP) systems. PV cells directly convert sunlight into electricity, while CSP systems concentrate solar energy to generate steam, which drives turbines for electricity generation.
Wind turbines capture kinetic energy from the wind and convert it into electricity. As the wind passes through the turbine blades, the rotational motion drives an electrical generator.
Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing or falling water to generate electricity. It typically involves constructing dams or barrages to control the flow of water, which drives turbines connected to generators.
Biomass energy utilizes organic materials such as crop residues, wood, and dedicated energy crops to produce heat or electricity through processes like combustion or biochemical conversion.
Geothermal power utilizes the natural heat stored beneath the Earth’s surface. This energy is extracted through geothermal power plants, which tap into hot water or steam reservoirs to drive turbines and generate electricity.
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